Impact of proliferation of small arms and light weapons on Nigeria’s internal security

Abstract

The proliferation of small arms and light weapons (SALWs) has become a critical challenge
undermining Nigeria’s internal security. As a country grappling with insurgency, armed banditry,
kidnapping, and communal conflicts, the easy availability of SALWs exacerbates violence, threatens
national stability, and undermines economic growth. This study examines the extent and consequences
of SALW proliferation in Nigeria, with the objective of analyzing its impact on internal security and
proposing actionable solutions. Descriptive survey method was employed, utilizing both structured
questionnaires and key informant interviews. The questionnaire responses were analyzed using simple
percentages, while the qualitative data from the interviews were analyzed through content analysis.
Anchored in the failed state theory, which highlights the inability of states to maintain control and
safeguard their sovereignty, the study finds the theory particularly relevant in explaining Nigeria’s
struggles with porous borders, weak enforcement mechanisms, and institutional corruption. Findings
reveal severe consequences, including rising fatalities, displacement of communities, erosion of public
trust in security institutions, and the escalation of organized crime. Despite measures such as
legislative controls, international collaborations, and disarmament programs, these efforts have
proven largely ineffective due to weak enforcement, corruption, and porous borders. To mitigate these
challenges, the study recommends strengthening cooperation with neighboring countries to
implement joint border security initiatives and intelligence-sharing frameworks. enhancing
transparency and accountability within security agencies is equally crucial. Establishing independent
oversight bodies to monitor arms control efforts and ensuring strict consequences for corrupt officials
will help mitigate the role of corruption in sustaining illegal arms circulation. In addition, addressing
the socio-economic drivers of armed violence, such as poverty and unemployment, will further reduce
reliance on illicit arms for survival, contributing to sustainable security improvements These
strategies, if implemented effectively, can significantly enhance Nigeria's internal security and restore
public confidence